Summarizing and Paraphrasing a Source Activity

In the University of Phoenix Material Summarizing and Paraphrasing a Source Activity Part 1: Summarizing Review the accompanying section and sum up it in the crate just as you were remembering this data for an examination paper. Utilize the reference to make a proper APA-organized in-text reference. Forceful driving is portrayed by the propensity to see driving as an opposition instead of as a methods for getting starting with one spot then onto the next. Albeit most drivers are substance to move alongside the progression of traffic, forceful drivers weave from path to path, looking for any favorable position that will put them in front of others. Forceful drivers are likewise bound to back end and sound the horn with an end goal to scare different drivers or essentially to move them along quicker. When gone up against with overwhelming traffic, forceful drivers frequently take part in hazardous conduct, for example, passing on the right, utilizing utility or turn paths as driving paths, and disregarding traffic signals. Incomprehensibly, forceful drivers frequently highly esteem their ability. They see other, progressively careful drivers as the issue, not themselves. Reference Arlov, P. (2007). Scholar: A manual for school composing (third ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NY: Prentice Hall. Outline As expressed by P. Arlov in Wordsmith: A manual for school composing, â€Å"Aggressive plunging is described by the propensity to see driving as an opposition †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2007) Those sort of drivers don't adhere to the principles of driving, and can make hazardous circumstances for different drivers in the street. Section 2: Paraphrasing and Quoting Review the accompanying entry and rework it in the accompanying box. Utilize the reference to make a proper APA-designed in-text reference. Moreover, incorporate one direct citation. One of the most important aptitudes an understudy can create is center. Center is the capacity to focus on one thing for an all-encompassing timeframe, closing out everything else. The individual who is engaged experiences no difficulty with schoolwork; her psyche is on the assignment until it is done. The engaged individual experiences no difficulty concentrating during a test. She doesn't see the voice of the speaker in a neighboring study hall, the tapping pencil of the understudy two columns over, or her instructor’s squeaking seat. Individuals vary broadly in their capacity to think. Some appear to be equipped for laser like spotlight on any activity until it is finished. Others are handily occupied, hopping up from schoolwork to do a hundred little, however unexpectedly pressing, assignments as the schoolwork gets drove further away from plain sight. Like some other aptitude, the capacity to center can be learned and fortified through training. To improve your capacity to think, start by setting up a set time and spot to contemplate. In the event that conceivable, learn simultaneously and in a similar spot each day. Building up a standard gives study the significance it merits and helps make considering a propensity. At that point, to keep yourself on task, set a little clock as you start contemplating. Start by setting the clock to go off following 15 minutes. Until the clock goes off, give examining your complete consideration. On the off chance that your psyche wandersâ€and it willâ€pull it back to the errand. At that point reward yourself with something little: 5 minutes of solitaire on your PC or an outing to the cooler for a glass of frosted tea. Time your prize, tooâ€about 5 minutes ought to be adequate. At that point set the clock for an additional 15 minutes. As focus turns into a propensity, that propensity will overflow into the study hall, as well. You will be better ready to concentrate on your instructor’s words or on the test you are taking. On the off chance that superfluous clamors during a test despite everything divert you, put resources into a couple of earplugs to close out commotion as you step through your exam. The capacity to focus is a fundamental aptitude. Luckily, it is an aptitude that can be improved with exertion. Reference Arlov, P. (2007). Scholar: A manual for school composing (third ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NY: Prentice Hall. Reword and Quotation Focusing is an aptitude that can be learned by rehearsing. Understudies can roll out specific improvements in their examining propensities so as to make this conceivable. This should be possible from numerous points of view like utilizing clocks and setting time spans to achieve any errand close by. Another method of getting your psyche in to this propensity is by compensating you time went through on concentrating with breaks, yet these must be kept short so center won't be lost in different methods of interruptions. Everybody is distinctive so every individual that experiences difficulty centering must get familiar with their own sort of style of centering that works from them. One method of knowing whether centering is an issue for an understudy is on the off chance that they are effectively occupied by commotion or action around them while attempting to study or step through exams. Now and again clamor interruptions can be fixed by utilizing a commotion blocking gadget, for example, earplugs. The best path is to keep a daily schedule set up to examination and do schoolwork same time and same spot without fail. As expressed by P. Arlov in Wordsmith: A manual for school composing; â€Å"One of the most significant abilities an understudy can create is focus† (third ed. , 2007). This is one of the most significant aptitudes to achievement of an understudy to learn in light of the fact that this expertise can move over to having the option to learn more in a study hall setting, and have the option to get more data while the teacher is talking. Reference: Arlov, P. (2007). Scholar: A manual for school composing (third ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NY: Prentice Hall.

The Impact Of Oil Spills Biology Essay

The Impact Of Oil Spills Biology Essay An oil slick can be characterized as the unplanned arrival of fluid oil hydrocarbon into the environmental factors or the earth because of human movement. An oil slick is a type of contamination that effectsly affects nature. The term oil slick is once in a while used to allude to marine oil slicks where there is an arrival of oil into the sea, beach front waters or some other water body. On the land the oil slicks are generally confined and their effect can be killed effortlessly contrasted with marine oil slicks. The fundamental driver of marine oil slicks is related with the oil transportation by big haulers and oil pipes which makes up of around 70 percent of all the oil slicks. The rest of the percent of oil slicks originates from seaward boring, wells and spills of refined oil based goods, for example, petroleum and diesel and furthermore their side-effects. The event of enormous and disastrous spills that can discharge as much as 30,000 tons of oil or considerably more is moderately uncommon. The recurrence of such occasions lately had gone down detectably. However, this went in a new direction when we encountered the more terrible and biggest oil slick at any point recorded ever, the profound water skyline oil slick otherwise called the Gulf of Mexico oil slick or the BP oil slick. In spite of the fact that some oil slicks may not be as broad or more terrible like the BP oil slick they despite everything have the ability to make genuine biological dangers ocean winged animals and warm blooded animals. The outcome is the drawn out natural unsettling influences that happen in beach front zones. Oil slicks likewise affect the monetary exercises of the individuals that rely upon the ocean for a job. Open objection over oil slicks has prompted the coming up of great specialized, political and furthermore lawful encounters in overseeing oil slicks. Causes There are different components that can prompt oil slicks which run from mishaps, inconsiderateness to consider dumping. Big hauler mishaps are one of the famous reasons for oil slicks. Big haulers can here and there crash or run into un-expected land causing a break or gap that permits oil to get away. They are profoundly broadcasted by the media and they discharge enormous volumes of oil into the seas. All around just a little level of oil slicks happen because of big hauler mishaps, for example, blasts, structure disappointment, steering into the rocks or even impacts. Big hauler mishaps bring about oil slicks that are exceptionally hurtful in view of the huge volumes of oil discharged without a moment's delay. This represents a genuine danger to the lives of marine creatures and furthermore ocean fowls. The spillage of oil because of a stacking or emptying issue is another class of big hauler mishaps. This sort of spillage is the most successive of the oil slicks. Measurements sh ow that somewhere in the range of 1974 and 1998 there were 3,000 such mishaps. Anyway in contrast with mishaps brought about by crashes or groundings, their demolition is moderately minor. Another reason for oil slicks that is exceptionally normal is known as spillover from the land. Motors that are land based for example engines work on oil fuel and furthermore oil based oils. The motors gradually discharge these substances prompting their collection on streets and in the ground. These minor regular spills and breaks of oil from cars wind up harming the dirt. The engine oil can likewise discover its way down through tempest channels into sewers which channel into streams and in the long run out into the ocean. Regular leakage is another reason for oil slicks particularly in the seas. When the earth㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s structural plates move now and again they discharge oil from the stores caught profound inside the sea depths. Human exercises in the sea, for example, penetrating can likewise quicken normal leakage. Regular drainage once in a while occurs ashore and when it does it㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a sorry concern. The motivation behind why common drainage is sad to the sea is a direct result of the way that oil is less thick than water, hence when discharged by the undersea structural aggravations it will consistently glide prompting significant oil slicks. Oil extraction is another reason for oil slick. As oil is separated from underground saves it is frequently spilled in land and furthermore in the ocean relying upon where it is been removed from. To test a recently tapped oil well, the oil is permitted to stream out framing a spring of oil heaving into the sky and the entirety of that oil is permitted to spill. Mishaps additionally happen consistently in the oil extraction wells bringing about spillage (Stille 7) Oil delivering trucks and pipelines are another reason for oil slicks. Pipelines that transport oil underground can create splits and breaks over some undefined time frame which permits oil to stream into the earth. These holes can be because of regular calamities, for example, tropical storms and tremors. They can likewise result from poor upkeep bringing about auxiliary disappointment or from purposeful vandalism and assaults. Tanks or oil dispatching trucks can be engaged with street mishaps accordingly impelling an oil slick. Greater part of this causes are because of human mistake or heedlessness which fall under controlled variables. Oil slicks may likewise happen because of apparatus breakdowns, unlawful dumping of oil and furthermore purposeful spillages. Impacts Oil slicks can affect the earth, the economy, wellbeing and furthermore the general public overall. These impacts can be dependable and difficult to pull off. Many oil slicks have been reported in the logical and specialized writing however not the entirety of the impacts of oil contamination are totally comprehended and archived, a sign of the conceivable scale length of harm can for the most part be found in the data accessible. Anyway it can likewise be hard to introduce a fair perspective on the real factors of oil slicks given the way that they are exceptionally charged. Likewise the passionate idea of a spill and its repercussions can bring challenges. Oil slicks bring about both quick and long haul harm to the earth. A portion of the harms that oil slicks cause on the earth can keep going for quite a long time after the spill happens. There are different eminent impacts brought about by oil slicks on nature. Unforgiving impacts that oil has on the coastline or shoreline are the exceptionally obvious pieces of an oil slick. Except if a coordinated exertion to tidy up the shoreline is made the oil essentially remains on the shore until the climate and time separates it a procedure that is incredibly moderate. The gooey mass that makes up an oil spill will litter the shoreline with a terrible dark tar making it perilous since the shoreline is the place a lot of marine life is concentrated. Shorelines give nurseries to fish and marine life, by sullying the shoreline the oil have a danger and are perilous to the marine life in the territory (walker 20). Marine warm blooded creatures, for example, dolphins, seals, whales and ocean otters are slaughtered by oil slicks. The harm done to these creatures can take various structures. The blow openings of whales of dolphins and whales are at times obstructed by the oil making it difficult for these creatures to inhale appropriately and furthermore to convey viably. Oil likewise covers the hide of otters and seals leaving them powerless against hypothermia. In the event that the creatures can get away from these quick impacts the oil slick makes harm their food gracefully by polluting it. At the point when the creatures eat fish that has been harmed by the oil slick they bite the dust or experience different issues. Oil slicks take a fatal blow on the fish, shellfish and some other marine life. Ocean fowls are to a great extent influenced by oil slicks and are viewed as among the absolute most helpless creatures of vast oceans. Any oil slick in the sea offers a capital punishment to the oce an winged animals. Some may move in the event that they sense threat on schedule. Anyway winged creatures that plunge into the waters for their food or accumulate on the ocean surface are confronted with the risk of being secured with oil. The vast majority of the ocean winged animals bite the dust from suffocating, starvation and furthermore from loss of body heat because of the annihilation of the bird㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s quills by oil. A few feathered creatures likewise pass on in the wake of ingesting oil during endeavors to clean themselves. Oil slicks leave long haul harm to creature species, their living spaces, settling and reproducing grounds that these creatures requirement for their endurance. This is one of the most far destroying ecological impacts of oil slicks. In spite of the fact that a few animal groups spend their lives adrift, for example, turtles they generally come aground to lay their eggs. Oil can hurt these animals on the off chance that they experience it either on the sea shores where they home or adrift. The eggs will be pulverized by the oil and neglect to grow appropriately. Oil slick will affect the economy in a negative manner. The effect can go from loosing oil through the expense of cleaning and furthermore the expense brought about because of lost profitability in specific ventures because of the harm of shorelines and sea shores. Direct financial expenses achieved by oil slicks can incorporate the genuine loss of oil from the spill. These immediate costs will be little if the spill is little. On account of a bigger spill the costs will be a lot higher. The harm to the natural life achieved by the oil slick will realize costs acquired while cleaning the winged animals. The expense in lost fisheries will be another expense achieved by oil slicks. Oil slicks crush sea shores prompting a misfortune in the travel industry in regions where sea shores and close by seas can't be gotten to. This prompts lower vacationer incomes. Cleaning an oil slick is a costly activity and will take an overwhelming monetary cost for the organization spilling the oil and f urthermore its guarantors (Nardo 33). During an oil slick the tidy up the laborers come into contact with synthetic compounds that are perilous to human wellbeing. Research has indicated an expansion in respiratory manifestations, migraines, eye aggravation and skin issues among the tidy up laborers. Mental examinations done to individuals presented to oil slicks uncover that these people are probably going to experience the ill effects of tension, post awful pressure and furthermore discouragement. Studies uncover an expansion in DNA harm in individuals presented to oil slicks. Other potential lo

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Edward Rogers, Indian School of Business

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Edward Rogers, Indian School of Business Many MBA applicants feel that they are purchasing a brand when choosing a business school, but the educational experience is what is crucial to your future, and no one will affect your education more than your professors. Each Wednesday, we profile a standout professor as identified by students. Today, we focus on  Edward Rogers  from the Indian School of Business (ISB). Edward Rogers teaches “Managing Complexity” in Term 7 at the ISB, and we suspect that he is likely an expert on the subject, given that he is the chief knowledge officer for NASA. His extensive publications on the subjects of organizational behavior and cooperation in high technology environments, in particular within the aerospace industry, and his considerable professional experience managing the same, make his class a popular choice among all students, regardless of their career goals. Based on the premise that managing complexity is often what separates the great from the truly exceptional leaders within organizations, the class aims to help students develop key communication and critical thinking skills to solve multidimensional problems within networked organizations. Advocating taking a systems approach to decision making as opposed to a purely “gut feel” instinct, the class also looks to impart ethical responsibility and a sense of interpersonal awareness and teamwork . For more information about the ISB and 15 other top-ranked business schools, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Indian School of Business Professor Profiles Blog Archive Professor Profiles Edward Rogers, Indian School of Business Many MBA applicants feel that they are purchasing a brand when choosing a business school, but the educational experience is what is crucial to your future, and no one will affect your education more than your professors. Each Wednesday, we profile a standout professor as identified by students. Today, we focus on Edward Rogers from the Indian School of Business (ISB). Edward Rogers teaches “Managing Complexity” in Term 7 at the ISB, and we suspect that he is likely an expert on the subject, given that he is the chief knowledge officer for NASA. His extensive publications on the subjects of organizational behavior and cooperation in high technology environments, in particular within the aerospace industry, and his considerable professional experience managing the same, make his class a popular choice among all ISB students, regardless of their career goals. Based on the premise that managing complexity is often what separates the great from the truly exceptional leaders within organizations, the class aims to help students develop key communication and critical thinking skills to solve multidimensional problems within networked organizations. Advocating taking a systems approach to decision making as opposed to a purely “gut feel” instinct, the class also looks to impart ethical responsibility and a sense of interpersonal awareness and team work. For more information about the ISB and other top-ranked business schools, check out the mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Indian School of Business Professor Profiles

Alice Walker s Everyday Use - 906 Words

Hidden Messages A Critique of Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† Title Often authors use the titles of their writing to portray a part of the story that will eventually come up, or to give an underlying message about what’s going on in the story. In Alice Walker’s short story, Everyday Use, she uses a title that isn’t blatantly seen within the story, but is explained through different aspects of the dialogue and actions of the characters. Walker could’ve chosen to explain the title more obviously within the story, but instead she sort of left it up to the interpretation of the reader. Alice Walker could’ve named her story â€Å"Everyday Use† for a number of reasons. Perhaps she named it this way because of the mother and daughter’s familiarity to their everyday routine, or it could be referring to the fabrics that were used everyday by the family’s ancestors, or lastly because of Dee’s disgust when thinking Maggie would be using her mother’s quilts everyday. Throughout Everyday Use, the narrator speaks of the home they live in, and the routines that they are accustomed to. Every day, the mother and daughter work on their yard, making sure that it lives up to its standard of being like an â€Å"extended living room.† The narrator continually mentions her rough appearance, her manly characteristics from working. The mother and daughter take great pride in their yard and house. They want to make sure that â€Å"anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes thatShow MoreRelatedAlice Walker s Everyday Use1194 Words   |  5 Pagesto one traits that one objectifies, soon realizing, that those traits are not of one s own if not of ones parents which one is reflecting. In the short story Everyday Use the author Alice Walker depicts a mothers conflicting relationship with her two daughters Maggie and Dee. The mother feels that Maggie holds the traditional ways o f living life and Dee her oldest daughter has broken away from her family s tradition in effect losing her heritage. The reader may think of this relationship as theRead MoreAn Analysis Of Alice Walker s Everyday Use989 Words   |  4 PagesLaPalme English 102 22 January 2015 Heritage: The Various Interpretations in Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† According to The Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2015), heritage is defined as, â€Å"traditions, achievements, beliefs, etc., that are part of the history of a group or nation† (â€Å"Heritage†). Heritage takes on mixed meanings for different people as a consequence of life experiences and belief systems. Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† utilizes characters with varying ideas of â€Å"heritage† to enlighten the worldRead MoreAnalysis Of Alice Walker s Everyday Use935 Words   |  4 Pageswhen the writer states what the characteristics of the character are. Meanwhile, indirect characterization is when the writer shows the characters characterization through their actions. Although, not everyone has the same perspective. â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker is a short story that reveals how different perspectives can be misleading. Portrayed as a realistic fiction, many readers can relate to this short story due its difference between perspecti ves. A story in which two sisters and a motherRead MoreAlice M. Walker s Everyday Use890 Words   |  4 PagesAlice M. Walker is an American novelist, short story writer, poet, and activist and wrote the short story, Everyday Use in 1973. Mama is in the yard with her daughter Maggie. They had spent the day before cleaning the yard that they call â€Å"comfortable† and â€Å"an extended living room† to prepare for their estranged daughter Dee that they have not seen in many years. Mama says that Maggie will be nervous throughout the stay of her sister due to her scars from the house fire. Mama foresees an idealisticRead MoreAlice Walker s Everyday Use1924 Words   |  8 Pagesnegative such as pain, anger, and guilt, or, can even have a perception of both. First, the care we feel towards something or someone in a family can seem hard to let go of, and becoming attached can cause us to never want to give up. In Alice Walker’s story, Everyday Use, Mama had to choose between giving the quilts she had been saving for Maggie, or to give them to her older sister Dee who asked for them when she came to visit. Mama felt the attachment Maggie had towards the quilts that were made byRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Alice Walker s Everyday Use2414 Words   |  10 PagesTulsi Rizal Prof. Mary Huffer Eng122 24 April 2016 Critical Analysis of Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† Alice Walker, most revered African American writer of the present time was born on 9th February 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia. She started her career as a social worker/activist, followed by teaching and and being a writer. She has won many awards for her fantastic social and literary works. Everyday use† was published in 1973, when African Americans were struggling to revive their original African cultureRead MoreHeritage, a Theme in Alice Walker ´s Everyday Use652 Words   |  3 PagesAlice Walker sets Everyday Use as a story of a mother and two daughters where the older daughter, Dee, is coming home to visit them after being away for a while. Walker sets the tone of the story by displaying how poor and uneducated the family is and how Dee while growing up was always looking for better things never appreciating the aspects of her life. As the story develops, the focus of the story is on a set of quilts made by the mother from pieces of clothing that belonged to her grandparent sRead MoreCulture And Identity Of The Sun By Lorraine Hasberry, Everyday Use By Alice Walker And Etheridge Knight s1930 Words   |  8 Pagesclass, etc., identity can be defined as â€Å"the qualities or beliefs that make one person or group different from others (www.websters.com).† In exploring Culture and Identity in the literary works, A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hasberry, Everyday Use by Alice Walker and Etheridge Knight’s A Poem for Myself, several outside forces can be found shaping the identity of the respective characters. The most recurrent theme found among the aforementioned works was the impact racial divide made on their identityRead MoreThe Importance Of Family Heritage By Alice Walker1100 Words   |  5 Pagesmost inspiring authors in American history is Alice Walker. Walker is the youngest child in a sharecropper family that found her overly ambitious and highly competitive (Walker 609). This gave her a strong fighting attitude, which allowed her to make positive changes in an extremely racist society. Unfortunately, when she was young, Walker was accidentally shot in her right eye with a BB gun while playing â€Å"Cowboys and Indians.† This accident caused Walker to lose her self-esteem and her captivatingRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1102 Words   |  5 Pagespoem â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† can be read similar to Alice Walker s short story Everyday Use† both are compared by the women’s ways of showing their strengths and how they identify their values, expressions and strength. Advertised in the general outlines of the plot, both literary themes talks of a quest for freedom, the characters identity and self-expression. Adrienne Rich â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† Alice Walker â€Å"Everyday Use† Comparison Paper Analyzing the two types of literature

Project Risk Management Project Management - 3143 Words

Project Risk Management Assessment Essay Student ID: 27465209 Word Count: 2997 MANG6143 Project Risk Management Prof Chris Chapman University of Southampton March 2015 Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. PART1: PUMP approach 4 3. PART2: Third phase in PUMP approach 9 4. PART3: Evaluation phase in PUMP approach 13 5. References 16 Introduction The completion of any project depends on the execution of various parameters mostly set at the beginning of the project. In order to complete the project to satisfactory levels, the project must be completed within the stipulated timelines, fall within the approximate budget and be of the required quality standards. However, most of the projects are affected by adverse changes and unforeseen events that occur during the execution period. Research shows that the magnitude of change is dependent on the size of the project, with large projects experiencing more uncertainties due to several factors including; planning and design complexity, interest groups having deferring opinions, resource availability, Economic and political climate and statutory regulations, which may necessitate change of plan. Most of the uncertainties are known to occur in the concept phase and if not intervened, they may affect the entire project. The burden falls on the management of such risk as some managers c hoose to ignore the uncertainties since they call for additional costs. Other inherent risks may go unnoticed and therefore remain unsolved,Show MoreRelatedImportance Of Project Risk Management Project Management2916 Words   |  12 PagesWan The Importance of Project Risk Management Project management has become a really important aspect that companies have started to take advantage to have success in their projects. Within project management, there are ten areas that are specific to different parts of a project, such as communications, time, scope, and cost. This paper will focus specifically on one, known as project risk management. The reason why this area was chosen is because this area focuses on the risks that can occur outsideRead MoreProject Risk And Risk Management1412 Words   |  6 Pages1- Abstract: Project Risk is an undefined event that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative impact in the project’s results. There are two types of risks can affect the project, they are threats and opportunities. The first affects negatively and the second affects positively. These risks can be individual risks or overall project risk. The project risk management includes six process: 1- Risk Management Planning: Deciding how to plan and execute the activities. 2- Risk Identification: DeterminingRead MoreRisk Management Of A Project1504 Words   |  7 PagesRisk management to mitigate identified risks According to Pelletier Albright, 2010 (pp. 523-560), risk management in a project should create value by ensuring that the cost of mitigating the risk is less than the perceived risk. Also the mitigation process should already be a fundamental part of the organization. There is already a commitment to patient safety education as indicated in the Nurse Anesthesia trainee curriculum, however, the specific focus on near miss education and error managementRead MoreProject Risk Management1805 Words   |  8 PagesProject Final 1. Why should all projects include risk in their project planning? What are some of the drawbacks if risks are not considered? Technology projects worldwide are costing companies billions of dollars more than they budgeted for, and almost half don’t live up to the clients’ expectations (Kendrick, 2009). Newspapers and business trumpet few project successes, but a massive number of failures. As projects grow larger and more complex with every passing year, their outcome, bothRead MoreProject Management : Risk Management2441 Words   |  10 Pages1 Executive Summary Risk is defined as an event that has a probability of occurring, and could have either a positive or negative impact to a project should that risk occur. Project managers should keep a watchful eye on all of the project s risks as they have a direct impact on a project’s cost, schedule, and performance. All projects assume some element of risk, and it’s through risk management where tools and techniques are applied to monitor and track those events that have the potential toRead MoreProject Risk Management4330 Words   |  18 PagesPAPER ON :PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT BY: DIPTENDU BASU PNR NO: 001 EXECUTIVE MBA (2012-14) ABSTRUCT Risk is everywhere. From driving a car to parachuting, risk is inherent in the activities we choose. Within a project, risks are unplanned events or conditions that can have a positive or negative effect on its success. Not all risks are bad, but almost all are seen as a threat. Even the most carefully planned project can run into trouble. No matter how well you plan, your project can alwaysRead MoreProject Risk Management - Holyrood Project5687 Words   |  23 PagesProject Risk Management | M3N313401-12-B | Group report    Jenna McCall : S1O21235 Adelle Kelly : S1023858 Angela Mitchell : S1034517 Luciano Farias : S1306729 Iaponaira de Abreu : S1306726 | Read MoreThe Role of Risk Management in Project Management1629 Words   |  7 PagesTHE ROLE OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT Risk Risk is an uncertain event or a set of circumstances whose occurrence will have an impact on achievement of one or more of the expected project goal and objectives. Probability – A risk is an event that may occur. The probability of it occurring can range anywhere from just above 0 percent to just below 100 percent. Impact – A risk, by its very nature, always has a negative impact. However, the size of the impact varies in termsRead MoreRisk Management : Processes : Project Management780 Words   |  4 PagesRisk Management: Processes In project management, a ‘process’ is a series of steps taken to get from point A to point B while, ‘risk’ identifies issues that may arise and cause a project to fail. â€Å"Risk management is the means by which uncertainty is systematically managed to increase the likelihood of meeting project objectives.† (Verzuh, pp. 99, 2012). Project managers need to take the lead when developing and training the team but, also chose wisely when planning, identifying, mitigating, andRead MoreProject Risk Management Plan1382 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Project Risk Management Plan PM/584 July 14, 2014 Project Risk Management Plan The purpose of the risk management plan is to identify any event or condition that may occur which could have a positive or negative affect on the project. Risks management is the process of identifying, assessing, responding to, monitoring, and reporting risks. The Risks Management Plan will define how risks associated with the Baderman Island Casino Hotel project will be identified, analyzed

Personal Development Plan Statement Example

Essays on Personal Development Plan Personal Statement The paper â€Å"Personal Development Plan" is a   breathtaking example of a personal statement on  management. At present, I am doing graduation in the field of Business Management and Psychology. I think that studying for this degree has so far proved to be very beneficial for my personal and professional development. I have learned some key concepts and techniques related to business management. As I have planned to open my own SPA and wellness centers once I am done with my studies, this degree would play a key role in the achievement of my goal. Studying business management has helped me learn some basic principles of business administration and maintenance. It has also helped me explore real-life examples related to the application of those principles in managing a business. Moreover, it has also helped me understand the importance of customer relationship management in the development of a business.Studying business management, I have come to know about such issues, of whi ch I did not have a complete awareness before taking admission in this field of study. For example, I have become aware of the importance of effective communication skills, effective leadership skills, organizational skills, and decision-making and negotiation skills in becoming a successful businessperson. Moreover, I have come to know about such managerial qualities, which play a key role in an entrepreneur’s success. For example, I have become aware of the importance of employee management skills, customer care and satisfaction, personal commitment, proper budgeting skills, financial knowledge, and forecasting skills in managing an SPA business. Therefore, I would say that studying business management has proved to be a good decision as it has helped me gain a practical understanding of business management.Answer No: 2I intend to open my own SPA and wellness centers in London once I am done with my studies. The first step towards the achievement of this goal is to complete my graduation in the field of Business Management and Psychology. I have been enrolled in this degree program since 2007. In a year or so, I would be able to take admission to a Master’s Degree program. Upon completion of my Master’s degree, I would be ready to start my own business.As I have been a working student, I have not only learned time management skills but also have earned much experience of working as a SPA employee. I have worked at the Claire Maxwell Hudson Massage School and earned a Level 3 Diploma in Massage Therapy, which was really a life-changing experience for me. I began to understand the pace of growth and development of the Wellness industry in almost every part of the world. Along with that, I acquired massage techniques and wellness skills, which are essential for a person to practice this profession independently. My academic field of study has made me able to apply my acquired knowledge in practical situations. I believe that my educational qualification, hands-on training, and a diploma in Massage Therapy would really help me transfer my practical and academic skills to my profession in an appropriate manner. I have also learned effective communication and negotiation skills which would also help me achieve success in my career plan.

Operations Management Inventory Management

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management for Inventory Management. Answer: Introduction The retail industry of Australia is growing at a tremendous pace that results in an increase in the competition. Currently, the changes in the market trends have enforced the leading organisations to make changes in their operational strategies to survive in the battle of immense competition. Furthermore, changes have been noticed in the taste of the customers and the way people buy products from the retail stores. Hence, an effective management of operations has emerged to be a key factor in the success of retail stores in the present business scenario (Horngren, Datar, Rajan, 2012). The government policies have also changed for the retailer businesses in Australia that makes it difficult for any organisation to operate with traditional operations management strategy. Hence, it has become mandatory for any retail business to make necessary changes in the operational strategy and implement competitive tactics to survive and grow in the market. A retail store must provide goods in ti me and offer a variety of products to enhance its positioning in the market. The study has been developed to analyse a given case study on inventory management of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre (Bianco Gamba, 2015). Hence, the primary aim of the paper is to analyse the current supply chain system of the organisation and recommend modern tactics of inventory management and procurement for the development of business. The paper presents the current inventory management and purchasing system of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre. Additionally, it presents a discussion on the pros and cons of the traditional inventory management system. According to the findings, an appropriate supply chain and inventory management system has been presented for the Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre in the paper. Finally, the paper presents proper recommendation of a modern supply chain management system for the Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre to seek competitive advantage in the market (Jaber, 2009). Current Purchasing and inventory management process The existing purchasing and inventory management system of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre can be identified as somewhat old-fashioned, to say the least. As the Purchasing and Inventory Manager at Brisbane Outdoor Power Centres Strathpine branch, it can be identified that the inventory management has been based on Saxons laissez-faire approach (Sepehri, 2011). Meanwhile, in order to maintain the three stores of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre located in Mt Gravatt, Strathpine, and Ipswich (Burt, Starling, Dobler, 2013). In the case of maintaining stocks, the inventory managers of the three identified stores located at different locations have utilised the inventory of the other stores to create a sustainable supply chain management. Currently, the stock maintenance and inventory system of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre look vulnerable to some extent (Schmidt, Foerstl, Schaltenbrand, 2016). Understandably, huge investment is required to improve the current stock maintenance level of the three stores. On the other hand, as the Purchasing and Inventory Manager of one of the stores of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre, it must be mentioned that the existing purchasing and inventory management facility of the enterprise lacks integrated approaches (Adamik, 2008). Apparently, the inventory management system of the stores is looking out of the ordinary in compared to the other retail businesses. Saxons laissez-faire approach has been utilised to promote autonomous functions of the three stores. Moreover, in the case of shortage of inventory, the managers are allowed to shift the inventory as per the demand. Conversely, in the three stores, the product brands may vary due to lack of business regime. Decisively, the other market competitors operated within the same market have not preferred such traditional inventory management system (Lago Roque, 2007). Now, in the case of product purchasing for inventory and stock management, the managers of the three retail outlets have been given the responsibility and authentication to purchase the inventory according to the suitability and limit. Thus, the administration of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre has put the significant responsibility on the managers to dictate purchasing terms (Chalos, 2007). Moreover, being one of the Purchasing and Inventory Managers of the firm, it can be identified that the three stores of the organisation have followed the different level of inventory management that is not suitable for long-term sustainability. Competitive advantages and disadvantages of the currently used process It can be seen from the above analysis that Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre uses a traditional method of purchasing and inventory system. Hence, the traditional supply chain process has certain advantages and disadvantages that influence the business of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre. The primary advantages of the Brisbane Outdoor Power Centres inventory process are the hustle-free operations, minimum investment, and minimum space for inventory. Along with that, the disadvantages of the currently used process are the loss of reputation, shipment delay and poor stock management (Chopra Meindl, 2007). Hence, the advantages and disadvantages of the currently used process of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre are discussed in details as follows: Advantages The advantages of traditional inventory management system are discussed herein below: Hustle-free operations: It can be seen that the inventory manager of every store operates individually. The inventory managers are not responsible for the inventory management of other stores. Hence, the workload of the employees reduces because of small area of operations (Mercado, 2008). Minimum investment: The cost of maintaining inventories reduces because the stores do not offer all products individually. Hence, there is a minimum investment required due to no extra inventory. Furthermore, the stores order products according to the demand of the consumers that minimise the cost of maintaining inventory (Fine, 2013). Minimum space for inventory: There is no need of maintaining a large warehouse of all three stores because the each store orders products individually. Hence, the cost of hiring or maintaining a warehouse reduces (Bag, 2016). On the other hand, the company does not need extra money to pay for more employees to maintain a common inventory. Along with that, the pressure of work for the inventory managers reduces because the inventory is located in the store itself. Disadvantages The disadvantages of traditional inventory management system are discussed herein below: Poor stock: It can be seen that the currently used process of procurement and inventory management of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre provides it with a poor stock, which is not capable of meeting the changing demand of the customers. The customers need to wait for the products to arrive after ordering in the stores that reduces the satisfaction level of the buyers (Mentzer, 2011). Shipment delay: Unorganised ordering of products may lead to delay in shipments that create a chaos for the store managers. The orders that are made after the products are sold may lead to shipment delay. Hence, it is important for any store to manage adequate inventory to meet the growing needs of the customers in time (Handfield Nichols, 2009). Poor reputation: The shipment delay and poor stock may lead to loss of goodwill for the Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre. It is important to provide all types of products to the customers in time to enhance the reputation of the business. Appropriate supply-chain and inventory management system The above disadvantages shows that there is a need of an appropriate supply chain and inventory management system that can reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of maintaining adequate stock for all three stores. An appropriate supply-chain and inventory management system can be achieved by following the below mentioned strategies: Continuous Analysis and Manipulation: There is a need of regular market research for the Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre to estimate the fluctuation of the price of products (Martinez Ramos, 2014). Furthermore, a regular analysis and manipulation of new strategies helps to reduce the cost of inventory and increase the profitability of the company. Just-In-Time Strategy: Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre must use a just-in-time strategy to reduce the cost and space of maintaining adequate stock. On the other hand, the just-in-time strategy will help to increase the reputation of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre in the market. Online Procurement and Inventory system: An online inventory management and procurement system can be utilised that will increase the efficiency of purchasing products (Berman, Krass, Mahdi Tajbakhsh, 2011). It will automatically alert the inventory managers regarding the exhaustion of stocks. Single inventory for all stores: A centralised warehouse can be used to increase the efficiency and cost of maintaining adequate stock. It helps to increase the range of products offered by individual stores of the company. Recommendations for restructuring the purchasing and inventory functions As the Purchasing and Inventory Manager at Brisbane Outdoor Power Centres Strathpine branch, a list of recommendation has been produced in the underlying section that must be utilised by Ms Belinda Green, the new CEO in order to improve the functionality of the three stores. Clearly, modern supply chain management theories, multi-period model, just-in-time inventory models and other professional standards must be developed within the inventory and procurement system to minimise the issues related to inventory management and business productivity. Contemporary Supply Chain Management: Online inventory management system must be promoted within the inventory and procurement management of the three stores to control the stocks and costs of inventory. Thus, the shortage of stocks and product variety can be controlled within the stores. Significantly, such supply chain management can add new dimension in inventory and purchasing facility of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre. Apply Just-In- Time Inventory Model: Through the application of Just-In-Time model, the purchasing of inventory can be suitably maintained in the inventory management without affecting the budget. Invariable, such inventory model can increase the sales of products as well. Apply Multi-Period inventory Model: The multi-period inventory model can be utilised in the three stores of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre to avoid shortage of products. Also, fixed-order quantity model can be taken into consideration for improved inventory management. Tactically, such improved inventory management model can improve the functions of inventory management. Cost efficient contemplation: The recent inventory and purchasing management of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centres outlets lacks suitable supply chain and logistics management. Therefore, the managers must introduce business regime identifying the standardised market suppliers of effective branded products. Moreover, such improved consignment agreements with the suppliers can minimise the cost of inventory and purchasing management. Promote Centralised Warehouse System: As Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre has three different outlets at three different locations, a centralised warehouse system must be recommended for sustainable inventory management. Thus, the inventory budget can be shortened. Clearly, the centralised warehouse facility would keep the balance between the reserved and return products restricting massive or unwanted purchase. Conclusion Under the leadership of Donald Saxon, Brisbane Outdoor Power Centres retail outlets have shown significant business propagation and market penetration. Decisively, the purchasing and inventory management system of the three outlets of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre must be improved in order increase the productivity and sales. Under the current business scenario, Ms Belinda Green, the CEO of the firm must consider the review of the performance level of current purchasing and inventory management system of the firm to make several changes for the betterment of services. Critically, the managers of the outlets must take additional responsibility to promote innovation in the purchasing and stock management. Moreover, Ms Belinda Green must bring some strategic changes to put more investment in the purchasing and inventory management system of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre. Through the identification of significant inventory management theories such as Just-In-time model, multi-period inve ntory model, and fixed order quantity model must be included in the current inventory and procurement system for sustainable business operations. References Adamik, J. (2008).Developing a strategic benefits program. Scottsdale: WorldatWork Press. Bag, S. (2016). Flexible procurement systems is key to supply chain sustainability.Journal Of Transport And Supply Chain Management,10(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jtscm.v10i1.213 Berman, O., Krass, D., Mahdi Tajbakhsh, M. (2011). On the Benefits of Risk Pooling in Inventory Management.Production And Operations Management,20(1), 57-71. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2010.01134.x Bianco, M. Gamba, A. (2015), Inventory and Corporate Risk Management.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2661384 Burt, D., Starling, S., Dobler, D. (2013).World class supply management. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Chalos, P. (2007). Reducing Inventory Cost.American Pharmacy,27(7), 40-44. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-3450(16)33263-9 Chopra, S. Meindl, P. (2007).Supply chain management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Fine, C. (2013). Intelli-Sourcing to Replace Offshoring as Supply Chain Transparency Increases.J Supply Chain Manag,49(2), 6-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12018 Handfield, R. Nichols, E. (2009).Introduction to supply chain management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Horngren, C., Datar, S., Rajan, M. (2012).Cost accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Jaber, M. (2009).Inventory management. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Lago, A. Roque, D. (2007). Inventory cost saving benefits from the standardization of computer modular instruments.Omega,15(4), 331-337. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(87)90021-1 Martinez Ramos, M. (2014). Interaction between management accounting and supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,9(2), 134-138. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13598540410527033 Mentzer, J. (2011).Supply chain management. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Mercado, E. (2008).Hands-on inventory management. New York: Auerbach Publications. Schmidt, C., Foerstl, K., Schaltenbrand, B. (2016). The Supply Chain Position Paradox: Green Practices and Firm Performance.J Supply Chain Manag. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12113 Sepehri, M. (2011). Cost and inventory benefits of cooperation in multi-period and multi-product supply.Scientia Iranica,18(3), 731-741. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scient.2011.05.020.

American Foreign Policy and Re essays

American Foreign Policy and Re essays Broadcast journalism has been used throughout recent history to shape popular opinion about how governments deal with international issues. If we look at major historical events related to American foreign policy such as the Vietnam war, the Persian Gulf War, the war in the former Yugoslavia, or the events of September 11, 2001 and its aftermath, they can hardly be imagined without the television images carried into American (and other) homes. The American media giant has a definite impact on what Americans understand about world events and how the US government responds to them. How has this so called free press been manipulated in the last three decades of world history? Wars and political movements through out developing nations have been played out on the stage of living room televisions and have held Americans and others as a captive audience. Television is able to rivet people to their televisions for up-to-date live coverage with an unquenchable thirst. The need to know is fed with the presses ideals of the public has the right to know. Are people manipulated by the news media? One has to wonder if the political gains of the world leaders are connected to their reactions to world events, or do world events control the policy makers. Edward Bickham former special advisor to the British foreign secretary says, The power of television in foreign policy is a mixed blessing. As a medium it plays too much to the heart and too little to the head. It presents powerful emotive images, which conjure strong reactions...Anecdotes about individual suffering make compelling television, but they rarely form a good basis to make policy. Wars on television have been the main topic of a great deal of compelling news coverage. At the time of the Korean War the television industry was still in its infancy stage, therefore not much material was given to the public through this medium. Many pe...

Critique of Global Warming Research Paper Example

Critique of Global Warming Research Paper Example Critique of Global Warming Paper Critique of Global Warming Paper Essay Topic: Global Warming It is true that too cold climate can provoke downfalls of civilization, but whether human can handle the slow upward trends in temperature is also questionable. Due to the tiny increase n temperature, there may be more frequent and intense weather events, such as hurricanes, tornados, tsunamis, blizzards and so on, which cause huge loss each year or even injuries and deaths. Actually, human do not have any effective way to prevent such kind of disasters till now. Secondly, in the writers point Of view, one reason for global warming or greenhouse effect is good is that it keeps our earth warm. And the example of moon is given to show the importance of atmosphere. True, it is common knowledge that atmosphere keeps the earth warm; however, it has nothing to do with global warming. Generally, global warming only refers to temperature rising caused by human activities during a period of time, so the writers definition for global warming here is too broad. Thirdly, the writer argues that shifting of people caused by inundation is a continuing feature of history. And hence rise of sea level, caused by global warming is normal and not that bad. I do not think we can just regard shifting as a continuing feature of history. More importantly, it is also disasters for people who are shifting. And inundation is just part of effects of global warming; other effects such as climate change ND spread of pestilence are dangerous as well. Lastly, the author think some regions of our planet may need to be abandoned, while new zones habitability will become available as planet Earth warms slightly. Indeed, some regions may need to be abandoned, but the regions to be abandoned are not determined by human, instead, everything is controlled by global warming, which is not the situation human expect. Also, new zones habitability may not appear. As we all know, rise of sea level is caused by melting of polar ice and it just swallows terrine and leaves nothing but sea water.

The Profiling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Profiling - Essay Example PrÐ µjudicÐ µ is a prÐ µmaturÐ µ judgmÐ µnt, no mattÐ µr what thÐ µ contÐ µxt. Body Many think of stÐ µrÐ µotyping as a stratÐ µgy pÐ µoplÐ µ usÐ µ to gÐ µnÐ µralizÐ µ a group of pÐ µoplÐ µ whÐ µn thÐ µy do not havÐ µ communication with or accuratÐ µ information about thÐ µ stÐ µrÐ µotypÐ µd group, for whatÐ µvÐ µr rÐ µason. It is my opinion that profiling would not Ð µxist without stÐ µrÐ µotyping, and that by combating stÐ µrÐ µotyping as a sort of lÐ µast common factor for which morÐ µ Ð µffÐ µctivÐ µ mÐ µans of communication can bÐ µ Ð µstablishÐ µd, pÐ µoplÐ µ will also bÐ µ Ð µngagÐ µd in combating a grÐ µatÐ µr sÐ µnsÐ µ of prÐ µjudicÐ µ. WÐ µ cannot paint all pÐ µoplÐ µ with thÐ µ samÐ µ brush. â€Å"What about thosÐ µ non-Arab, non-South Asians without black or brown skins who arÐ µ bombing apartmÐ µnt buildings, train stations and thÐ µatÐ µrs in Russia. ThÐ µy'vÐ µ takÐ µn down passÐ µngÐ µr jÐ µts, hi jackÐ µd schools and usÐ µd fÐ µmalÐ µ suicidÐ µ bombÐ µrs to a farÐ µ-thÐ µÃ µ-wÐ µll, killing hundrÐ µds and wounding thousands† (King, 2011). In thÐ µ US and UK, pÐ µoplÐ µ havÐ µ sÐ µÃ µn this sort of bigotry Ð µvÐ µr sincÐ µ 9/11, bÐ µing displayÐ µd towards Arabs.

Themes Remade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Themes Remade - Essay Example Just like any other normal human being, Raymond has his fears and phobias. For instance, in an airport when Charlie and Raymond were boarding a plane, Raymond made clear his flying phobia by letting out a huge cry that Charlie took as a childish and annoying behavior. Even with ordinary human beings, some have much deeper phobias and they would not dare entertain the thought of flying, which Raymond courageously faced. After all, people do not welcome changes in their lives and would go an extra mile to resist, why not Raymond? Largely, Raymond was being fed up with Charlie; he viewed him as a dependent person who could not make his decisions. The fact that Charlie constantly gets annoyed with Raymond for acting weirdly would attest to the fact that Raymond was being defensive and fed up with the over-controlling behavior of Charlie, his brother. Moreover, Raymonds mental perfection that even an average person could not realize was in memorizing phonebook contacts at a glance with excellent achievement. Besides, Raymond was quick and perfect in memorizing and undertaking mental calculations with much ease, a test that his brother Charlie could hardly achieve. Certainly, most people have certain traumas that they developed in childhood, and which do affect how they operate and view occasions as adults. With these respect, the traumatized persons would react with fear to anything that triggers the memories of such traumatizing situations. Similarly, as children, Charlie had tried to give a birth to Raymond using hot water that scolded Raymond significantly. As a result, Considering Raymonds condition, any sight of hot water could be expected to trigger the childhood memories upon which Raymond would be expected to react to such memories. As such, when Charlie turns to hot water, Raymond could not help it but get frightened due to these childhood memories. This reaction could be expected from any normal human

College Students Essay Example for Free

College Students Essay The number of international students enrolled in U. S. institutions has grown by 23 percent in the last five years. This is because the international community recognizes education in the U. S. All credit is given to University administrators who make sure that the courses students take are rigorous and prepares them for the real world ahead of them. The only problem is that Universities make students take some courses that are irrelevant to their major, thereby wasting precious time and money. Engineering is one of the most popular majors offered in United States’ Universities. It is a gateway to job opportunities but most Universities waste student’s time by forcing them to take classes that are not engineering related during their first two years of college. In most Universities, students majoring in Engineering have to take classes like fine art, government, history etc. Instead of giving these students specific courses that would prepare them for the rigorous work of engineering and reduce the time they would spend in school, Universities rather choose to introduce them to broader aspect of college, forcing them to take classes they do not need and increasing the time, they spend in college. Higher Institutions increase the time and courses college students have to take, because the more classes they take the more money the University pockets. They use this method to rip students off, thereby making college expenses ridiculously high and almost unpayable for some students. Education is not supposed to be costly, but student’s bank accounts are constantly punished by greed and bad decision making by University officials. This is why most American students abstain from furthering their educations in higher institutions after high school. The cost scares some of them, and they do not see the need to spend all their money on education. Universities should not scare Americans away from Higher Institutions by making them take classes that would dry up their bank accounts and waste their time. Instead they should give them the privilege of going to intern after high school and come back to take only the courses they need for their major. This saves students valuable time, money, and at the same time makes college more attractive to those Americans who have shunned Higher education because of the cost. When students are given the opportunity of interning before they choose their path in life, they not only get an idea of what they will wake up to every morning, but they also gain experience. This makes the courses and classes they would take later on a lot easier and understandable to them. The experience they gain from interning gives them a sense of direction on whether to continue in that career or if they should do something more profiting and interesting to them. . In order for us to get more Americans into college and reduce the competition coming from the international community, higher institutions need to make college more affordable and more meaningful for students. To make Universities affordable, students should be allowed to do all those classes that are required but relevant to a student’s major in high school. After graduation, students should have the opportunity of choosing between being an intern in their desired field for a year, before registering for that major, or going the normal route of wasting time taking classes they do not need.

International Laws Essay -- International Law

First coined by English philosopher Jeremy Bentham, international law is customarily recognized as the law that regulates the affairs between sovereign states, the foremost issue of international law. Public international law only concerns itself with the issues of rights involving a number of nations, or nations and its people, or matters of other nations. It differs from private international law, which deals with dissimilarity between private individuals, natural and/or juridical, by developing from circumstances that have a noteworthy relationship to more than one nation. (Brownlee, 2008) International law contains the necessary and typical notions of law in the national legal systems – â€Å"status, property, obligation, and tort.† (Hall, 2010) According to Ian Brownlee, this also incorporates substantive law, procedure, process and remedies. (2008) International law is deep-seated with the agreement of the nation states which represents the system. There are six major essential sections of international law: international economic law, international criminal law, international environmental law, international security law, international humanitarian law (or law of war), diplomatic law and international human rights law. (Hall, 2010) However, conventional and customary laws are the primary sources of international law. Customary law and laws that are set by an international understanding have an equivalent authority just as international law. (Schmidt, 2008) Political parties may allocate a higher precedence to another source by way of agreeance. Conversely, various rules of international law are acknowledged by the international population as â€Å"authoritative, allowing no exemption from the rule.† (Brownlee, 2008) Such rules... ... multilateral agreements that govern the interactions of nations and international businesses and the nongovernmental organizations worldwide. Without such laws and organizations, many societies would end up with extremely corrupt governments and the risk of being in a continuous war with other nations would be highly probable. Works Cited Brownlee, I. (2008). Principles of public international law. Birsfelden: Oxford University Press. Hall, K. (2010). Jus gentium- law of nations. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Law, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Retrieved from http://www.law.harvard.edu/index.html Schmidt, S. (2008). What are the causes of international conflicts?. Mason: Cengage Learning Publications Un public administration programme. (2010). Retrieved from http://unpan.org/DPADM/Home/tabid/420/language/en-US/Default.aspx

Insecure Attachment

Unfortunately, as many as 30% of children develop insecure attachment relationships with their parents. Toby and Hugo are two of them, they are both 18 months old and they were classified as the insecurely attached babies. Attachment theory research tells us that infants will likely experience one of three types of insecure attachment if they do not get responsive, nurturing, consistent care in the early weeks and months of their lives. The first type of insecure attachment is called Resistant/Ambivalent Attachment. The characteristic of this attachment is that babies will show exaggerated expressions of attachment needs.They are reluctant to explore new environment and preoccupied with getting the attention of their parents. When parents depart, babies become extremely distressed. When the parents return, they have difficulty settling down and do not respond well to their parent's soothing. This occurs when parents are inconsistent – sometimes answering infant’s needs quickly and responsively, and sometimes just ignore them or respond them slowly. This may also occur if parents respond only to the physical needs, i. e. feeding, changing, etc. , but ignore the infant's need for human interaction and connection.The second type of insecure attachment is called Avoidant Attachment. The characteristic of this attachment is that babies seem not to care whether their parent is present or absent. When their parent is present, babies will explore their environment without interest in their parent's whereabouts. Also, when their parent departs, they are minimally distressed. At reunion, they do not move toward their parents or show their pleasure to see the parents again. In fact, they often ignore or avoid their parents. This occurs when parents are unresponsive to baby’s needs – both physical and emotional.This is called neglect, and happens often in families where there is alcoholism and/or drug addiction, or in families who do not underst and what their babies need. The third type of insecure attachment is called Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment. The characteristic of this attachment is that they are lack of organized pattern to their behaviors, when they stressed, in the presence of their parents, these babies appear disorganized or disoriented, displaying unusual behaviors such as trance-like freezing, or strange postures. These behaviors are as evidence of fear or confusion with respect to their parents.This occurs when there is domestic violence in the family, or abuse of the babies. It is also involving reorganization of the family such as family moves or the birth of another baby may also temporarily disorganize their attachment patterns. Nowadays most of parents in Hong Kong, they are working parents (both father and mother) and they are working outside of the home and their working hours is quite long. So they can only spend a little time with their babies and they usually rely on their relative and domest ic helper to take care of their baby.The followings are some thoughts to help parents to build a secure attachment with their babies:- 1. Babies are quite smart and sensitive in their very early stage, therefore parents keep expressing and sharing their pleasure when every moment they are together with their baby will help the baby to internalize a sense of security and a feeling of being loved and appreciated. This is very important for those working parents as they can only spend limited time daily to their baby, so every moment with their baby is treasure and they shouldn’t waste it and should be happy with them.2. Secure attachment research tells that a secure attachment is built upon sensitive and responsive caregiving, therefore parents are able to observe and pay attention to their baby’s subtle cues (a smile or a voice) for attention, exploration and comfort can help their baby to feel being respected and understood. Being responsive to baby’s needs actu ally promotes a greater sense of self-confidence, self-reliance, and independence as baby grows into childhood. 3. Create a consistent routines during daily care will help baby to feel secure, as baby can predict what will be happen.For example: baby will be taking bath after finished their dinner everyday. Since they can predict that when they will go to take shower, therefore they will not be scared to this once they get used to this routine. Also for working parents, if they can keep the consistent time for leaving home for work and come back home for dinner everyday. It may also help to ease their baby’s separation anxiety. 4. Provide baby a freedom to explore new environment will help them to develop a sense of competence and efficacy.While allow freedom to them, parents still need to stay close with their baby and offer encouragement and reassurance when needed. Since baby may not have confidence when they are just starting to explore new things and they will need to ch eck with you for reassurance, security and encouragement. Therefore parents give baby encouragement and support will help to develop the secure attachment to them. 5. For those working parents, their relatives and/or domestic helper will usually become the prime caregiver to take care of their baby. Parents may worry that this may impact their relationship with their baby.Therefore developing a positive, collaborative relationship with their baby’s caregiver is necessary, parent may also need to let their baby’s caregiver to know that the concept of secure attachment and baby’s social emotional development that they apply to their baby, and ask them to follow it. This will ensure that their baby will receive a consistent care and there is a continual communication around your baby’s changing needs. It will also help your baby feel supported by a loving, caring community of adults Lastly, I believe that if parents are happy, baby will be happy too.If paren ts have a bad emotion, it will only affect their baby’s emotional development badly. Therefore, beside to provide a good care for the baby, it is also important for parents to find time to rest and relax for a brief moment, so that they can recharge their body both physically and mentally, and maintain a good mood to ensure that they are able to take care of baby properly. Feeling secure doesn’t come from doing everything right; it comes from knowing that when you experience difficult feelings or challenges, you have the self-confidence and the support you need to forge ahead.Insecure Attachment Unfortunately, as many as 30% of children develop insecure attachment relationships with their parents. Toby and Hugo are two of them, they are both 18 months old and they were classified as the insecurely attached babies. Attachment theory research tells us that infants will likely experience one of three types of insecure attachment if they do not get responsive, nurturing, c onsistent care in the early weeks and months of their lives. The first type of insecure attachment is called Resistant/Ambivalent attachment.The characteristic of this attachment is that babies will show exaggerated expressions of attachment needs. They are reluctant to explore new environment and preoccupied with getting the attention of their parents. When parents depart, babies become extremely distressed. When the parents return, they have difficulty settling down and do not respond well to their parent's soothing. This occurs when parents are inconsistent – sometimes answering infants' needs quickly and responsively, and sometimes just ignore them or respond them slowly.This may also occur if parents respond only to the physical needs, i. e. feeding, changing, etc, but ignore the infant's need for human interaction and connection. Parents with the above behavior, their babies learn that the world and their ability to have an impact on it is basically inconsistent  œ sometimes things happen, sometimes they don't – sometimes all their needs are met, and sometimes only some of them are. Infants learn that others are not dependable or consistent. They often also do not learn or understand emotions – their own or others.The second type of insecure attachment is called Avoidant Attachment. The characteristic of this attachment is that babies seem not to care whether their parent is present or absent. When their parent is present, babies will explore their environment without interest in their parent's whereabouts. Also, when their parent departs, they are minimally distressed. At reunion, they do not move toward their parents or show their pleasure to see their parents again. In fact, they often ignore or avoid their parents. This occurs when parents are unresponsive to babies needs – both physical and emotional.This is called neglect, and happens often in families where there is alcoholism and/or drug addiction, or in families who do not understand what their babies need. This happened in eastern European countries with babies in orphanages. These infants were kept contained in their cribs for the majority of each day, being taken out only to be fed or changed, and even those tasks were performed with little or no engagement with the infant. In this environment, babies learn that they have no ability to impact their world, or to engage others.The world is indeed a cold and scary place in which no one really cares. In worst case scenarios these infants may become developmentally delayed, passive, may develop full-blown reactive attachment disorder. Human beings can actually die from lack of human contact, characterized by the worst-case scenario of avoidant insecure attachment. Avoidant attachment has been associated with a pattern of care in which the caregiver does not provide adequate comfort when the infant is emotionally upset, ill, or hurt.The third type of insecure attachment is called Disorganized /disoriented attachment. This group of babies does not fit into the previous two categories. The characteristic of this attachment is that they are lack of organized pattern to their behaviors, when they stressed, in the presence of their parents, these babies appear disorganized or disoriented, displaying unusual behaviors such as trance-like freezing, or strange postures. These behaviors are as evidence of fear or confusion with respect to their parents.This occurs when there is domestic violence in the family, or abuse of the babies. It is also involving reorganization of the family such as family moves or the birth of another baby may also temporarily disorganize their attachment patterns. The human brain is hard-wired to seek comfort from primary caregivers when hurt or afraid, and another part of the brain is hardwired to run or fight (fight-flight) when danger is perceived. For infants with a caregiver who hurts them, or who creates chaos in their environment, a dual response is set up in the infants' brain.This response looks like ‘I am hurt – I need comfort from you – you are the one who hurts me so I can't go to you'. The infant has no way to make sense of this. This type of attachment is called disorganized, and is often characterized by a disassociative response, wherein infants have NO response, and in fact, are emotionally absent. Nowadays most of parents in Hong Kong, they are working parents (both father and mother) and both parents are working outside of the home and their working hours is quite long.So they can only spend a little time with their babies and they usually rely on their relative and domestic helper to take care of their baby. Therefore, the role of caregiver is being changed. The followings are some thoughts to help parents to build a secure attachment with their babies:- 6. Babies are quite smart and sensitive in their very early stage, therefore parents keep expressing and sharing their pleasure when every moment they are together with their baby will help the baby to internalize a sense of security and a feeling of being loved and appreciated.This is very important for those working parents as they can only spend limited time daily to their baby, so every moment with their baby is treasure and don’t waste it and be happy with them. 7. Secure attachment research tells that a secure attachment is built upon sensitive and responsive caregiving, therefore parents are able to observe and pay attention to their baby’s subtle cues (a smile or a voice) for attention, exploration and comfort can help their baby to feel being respected and understood. Being responsive to baby’s needs actually promotesa greater sense of self-confidence, self-reliance, and independence as baby grows into childhood. 8. Create a consistent routines during daily care will help baby to feel secure, as baby can predict what will be happen. For example: baby will be taking bath after finished thei r dinner everyday. Since baby get used to this routines and they can predict that they will go to take shower, therefore they will not be scared that. Also for working parents, if they can keep the consistence time for leaving home for work and come back home for dinner.It may also help to ease some of their separation anxiety. 9. Provide baby a freedom to explore new environment will help them to develop a sense of competence and efficacy. While allow freedom to them, parents still need to stay close with them and offer encouragement and reassurance when needed. Since baby may not have confidence when they are just starting to explore new things and they will need check with you for reassurance, security and encouragement. Therefore parents give baby encouragement and support will help to develop the secure attachment to them. 10.Choose a childcare provider who values relationships. This should be someone who understands the importance of your baby’s social and emotional dev elopment. The reality for many families is that either one or both parents are working outside of the home. In these situations, parents often need to place their baby in the care of a relative or childcare provider. Parents may worry that this may impact their relationship with their baby. Find a childcare provider who works to promote secure attachments with the children in her care and supports your infant’s social and emotional development.This can provide valuable support to you and your family when you return to work. If you already have a provider, you may want to talk with him or her about how infant attachment and social-emotional development is supported within the childcare program. In addition, developing a positive, collaborative relationship with your baby’s childcare provider will ensure that there is continual communication around your baby’s changing needs. It will also help your baby feel supported by a loving, caring community of adults. 11. I believe that if parents are happy, baby will be happy too.If parents have a bad emotion, it will only affect their baby’s emotion badly. Therefore, beside to provide a good care for the baby, it is also important for parents to find time to rest and relax for a brief moment, so that they can recharge their body and maintain a good mood to ensure that they are able to take care of baby properly. Feeling secure doesn’t come from doing everything right; it comes from knowing that when you experience difficult feelings or challenges, you have the self-confidence and the support you need to forge ahead.Disorganized/disoriented attachment There is a group of infants (15-20%) who do not fit into Ainsworth’s original three-category scheme. Mary Main, another influential attachment researcher, added a fourth category to include these infants. Whereas infants in the 3 primary attachment groups have organized strategies for dealing with arousal, infants with disorganized attachment relationships either lack an organized pattern to their behavior or have strategies that repeatedly break down.When stressed, in the presence of their caregiver, these infants appear disorganized or disoriented, displaying unusual behaviors such as approaching the caregiver with their head averted, trance-like freezing, or strange postures. These behaviors have been interpreted as evidence of fear or confusion with respect to the caregiver. Disorganized attachment is considered an extreme form of insecure attachment. Many infants who fall into the disorganized category have experienced some form of maltreatment or have a caregiver who has been traumatized by severe loss or abuse.Other stressful situations involving reorganization of the family such as family moves or the birth of another child may also temporarily disorganize attachment patterns in an infant-caregiver relationship. Whether infants have secure attachment or one of the types of insecure attachment, is pivot al to their growth and functioning in the world. It impacts whether they can form meaningful, connected relationships with other people, and affects how they see the world and their place in it, as they grow.Unfortunately, as many as 30% of children develop insecure attachment relationships with their parents. Insecure attachment may take the form of avoidant, distant behavior or anxious clinging behavior. When children have insecure attachments with their parents, any number of negative consequences can follow, such as depression, anxiety, a lowered ability to cope with stress, and poor relationships with others. A disruption in the development of secure attachment could occur due to parental illness, parental unavailability because of other life commitments, or the serious illness of the child.Children who move from foster home to foster home or spend the early years of their lives in orphanages can experience long-term attachment difficulties. In addition, children sometimes have inborn temperaments or disabilities that can impede the attachment process. Finally, children who are abused or neglected or otherwise traumatized will often show signs of impaired attachment. Avoidant attachment O these infants are reluctant to explore their environment and preoccupied with getting the attention of their caregiver.When a caregiver departs, infants with resistant attachment become extremely distressed. When the caregiver returns, they both seek and resist contact. When they do seek contact they have difficulty settling down and do not respond well to their caregiver's attempts at soothing. Resistant attachment has been associated with a pattern of care in which the caregiver inconsistently responds to his or her infant's signals of distress. Disorganized/disoriented attachment There is a group of infants (15-20%) who do not fit into Ainsworth's original three-category scheme.Mary Main, another influential attachment researcher, added a fourth category to include th ese infants. Whereas infants in the 3 primary attachment groups have organized strategies for dealing with arousal, infants with disorganized attachment relationships either lack an organized pattern to their behavior or have strategies that repeatedly break down. When stressed, in the presence of their caregiver, these infants appear disorganized or disoriented, displaying unusual behaviors such as approaching the caregiver with their head averted, trance-like freezing, or strange postures.These behaviors have been interpreted as evidence of fear or confusion with respect to the caregiver. Disorganized attachment is considered an extreme form of insecure attachment. Many infants who fall into the disorganized category have experienced some form of maltreatment or have a caregiver who has been traumatized by severe loss or abuse. Other stressful situations involving reorganization of the family such as family moves or the birth of another child may also temporarily disorganize attac hment patterns in an infant-caregiver relationship.The meaning of attachment behaviors An infant's attachment pattern is strategically determined and based on his or her understanding of the caregiver's reliability as a source of comfort and security. From the earliest stages of development an infant is learning about the caregiver's reliability as a secure base. Caregivers of infant's with secureattachment are consistently sensitive, receptive and accepting of their infant's signals of distress. Thus, infants in secure attachment relationships learn that they can be confident in their protection.Their behavior in the Strange Situation reflects this confidence as they freely explore their environment, openly express their needs and accept comfort from their caregivers. Infants with insecure attachment in contrast are not confident about the caregiver as a secure base. This insecurity dramatically impacts an infant's behavior and quality of emotional expression. Consider the apparent independence and precociousness of an infant in an avoidant attachment relationship.Such an infant seems not to care whether a caregiver is present or absent and is likely to snub the caregiver upon reunion. But in fact for every infant personal security is instinctively of critical importance. Infants with avoidant attachment patterns have repeatedly felt rejected by primary caregivers during times of illness, injury or distress. As a result these infants learn that they cannot count on the caregiver to meet their attachment needs. To avoid further rejection, the infant in an avoidant attachment relationship limits his or her emotional expressions.Seen in this context, the apparent indifference of the infant's involved in an avoidant attachment relationship begins to make sense as an effective strategy for maintaining contact with a caregiver who is unable to provide comfort but does provide other kinds of care and protection. Caregivers of infants with resistant attachment have r esponded inconsistently to their infant's attachment needs. The best strategy for infants of inconsistent parents is to devote a lot of energy to soliciting help.This explains these infant's prolonged and exaggerated expressions of their needs and preoccupation with attracting their caregiver's attention during the Strange Situation paradigm. The organized strategies of infant's with avoidant and resistant attachment illustrate the infant's adaptive response to perceived threats to security. When confidence in protection wavers, behavior and emotional expression change in an attempt to secure contact with caregivers. The unusual behavior of the infant with disorganized attachment is more difficult to understand even when considered from the infant's perspective.Many infant's with disorganized attachment patterns have been subjected to highly stressful, chaotic, and frightening environments. As an example, disorganized attachment sometimes occurs following extreme loss or trauma on t he part of a caregiver. Researchers speculate that caregivers who are unable to recover from tragic losses, for example the death of their own parent, or abuse by a parent, subtly communicate a sense of anxiety, fearfulness, and/or hostility toward their infant. This situation is highly disorganizing to the infant because the person who is supposed to be a source of comfort is also a source of threat or fear.Faced with this impossible situation, the infant's attempts at an organized strategy breaks down. In general, an infant's sense of security can be thought of as being on a continuum. With a strong sense of security, an infant feels free to explore and venture out into the world. If confidence in protection falters, the infant's world begins to contract as the freedom to explore is overshadowed by a sense of doubt and apprehension. An infant's basic pattern of attachment develops during the first year of life.Although thought to be relatively resistant to change, changes in life circumstances can alter attachment patterns as infants develop and mature. In Part III of our series, we will look at attachment throughout the life span. Attachment in older children, teens, and adults will be discussed along with the implications of attachment patterns for emotional and social development. Benoit D. Attachment and parent-infant relationships†¦ a review of attachment theory and research. Ontario Association of Children's Aid Societies Journal. 2000;44(1):13-23. Goldberg S. Attachment and Development.Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press; 2000. Goldberg S, Muir R, Kerr J, eds. Attachment Theory. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press; 1995. Karen R. Becoming Attached. New York: Warner Books; 1994. The Infant Mental Health Promotion Project and the Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children. A Simple Gift: Comforting Your Baby. Toronto: The Hospital for Sick Children; 1998. Used by permission. You and your baby have within you the building blocks for develo ping a healthy, secure attachment. That doesn't mean you will know how do to everything instinctively.That's especially true if you had some challenges in your early attachment relationships. That can â€Å"color† how you interact with your own baby. Here are some tips to help you build a secure attachment with your baby: Enjoy and take pleasure in your relationship with your baby. All babies are born with the capacity and desire to experience joy with their caregivers. So expressing and sharing in the delight of the relationship you share with your infant helps your baby to internalize a sense of security and a feeling of being loved and appreciated.Follow your baby's lead. A secure attachment is built upon sensitive and responsive caregiving. Observe and pay attention to your baby's subtle cues for attention, exploration, and comfort. This helps your baby to feel understood and valued. Provide consistency and predictability in your care routines. Routines will help your bab y to feel secure. Predictable support and nurturance helps your baby internalize a feeling of being cared for. This allows a secure attachment to develop. Don't worry about â€Å"spoiling† your baby.There is no such thing as spoiling an infant, despite what you may hear from well-meaning friends and relatives! Being responsive to your baby's needs actually promotes a greater sense of self-confidence, self-reliance, and independence as your baby grows into childhood. Use nonverbal communication to bond with your baby. Babies are not able to understand or use verbal communication. Nonverbal communication can help you to feel connected to your baby and strengthen your attachment relationship. Make eye contact, touch, smile, and move rhythmically such as by rocking orswaying. These are all effective ways of conveying love, warmth, and acceptance to your baby. Your baby may not comprehend your words right away. But he does recognize and respond to your tone of voice, even when you are not talking to him. If you are stressed, angry, or frustrated, your baby will often respond by becoming distressed. Talking in a gentle, soothing voice, even if the words are not yet understood, can help your baby to feel reassured, loved, and secure. Provide a holding environment for your baby. For your baby, touch is as important as sleep or food.Holding your baby provides a sense of warmth, love, and reassurance. Holding your baby when she's distressed helps her to organize her feelings and to feel calm and safe. Even if your baby continues to fuss, remember that your calm, gentle, physical presence conveys a sense of connection and safety. Take care of yourself. To provide optimal care for your children, you must also attend to your own needs. Are you nurturing and respecting yourself? Although incredibly rewarding, parenting can also be exhausting and demanding.Finding time to sleep, eat, and even relax for a brief moment is extremely important. Use the support around you – your friends, family, community – so that you may find ways to replenish yourself. By taking care of your own needs, you are helping to ensure that you are able to take care of your baby's needs. Choose a childcare provider who values relationships. This should be someone who understands the importance of your baby's social and emotional development. The reality for many families is that either one or both parents are working outside of the home.In these situations, parents often need to place their baby in the care of a relative or childcare provider. Parents may worry that this may impact their relationship with their baby. Find a childcare provider who works to promote secure attachments with the children in her care and supports your infant's social and emotional development. This can provide valuable support to you and your family when you return to work. If you already have a provider, you may want to talk with him or her about how infant attachment and social- emotional developmentis supported within the childcare program. In addition, developing a positive, collaborative relationship with your baby's childcare provider will ensure that there is continual communication around your baby's changing needs. It will also help your baby feel supported by a loving, caring community of adults. Provide your toddler with freedom and space to safely explore new environments. Do this while staying close and offering reassurance when needed. Your young toddler will benefit from your support when he is able and ready to explore his world.Remember that during this time, your toddler will need to â€Å"check in† often with you for reassurance, security, and encouragement. The secure attachment that was developed during infancy will provide your toddler with a sense of competence and efficacy and an assurance that his caregivers will give him love and support when this is needed. Remember that you do not need to be a perfect parent. Many days, pare nting may seem like a series of blunders, mistakes, and missteps. The good news is that you don't need to strive for perfection in parenting.And although it may not always seem this way, your mistakes can be seen as â€Å"gifts. † They enable you to learn about yourself and your children. Mistakes help your children to learn that we all stumble, get back up, and keep trying. Feeling secure doesn't come from doing everything right; it comes from knowing that when you experience difficult feelings or challenges, you have the self-confidence and the support you need to forge ahead. Links & Resources  » References: Bowlby, John (1956) â€Å"The growth of independence in the young child.†Royal Society of Health Journal, 76, 587-591. Bowlby, John (1988) A Secure Base: Parent-Child Attachment and Healthy Human Development. London: Routledge. Lieberman, Alicia (1993) The Emotional Life of the Toddler. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc. Unfortunately, as many as 30% of childr en develop insecure attachment relationships with their parents. Toby and Hugo are two of them, they are both 18months old and they were classified as the insecurely attached babies. Children with insecure attachment may take the form of avoidant, distant behavior or anxious clinging behavior.When children have insecure attachments with their parents, any number of negative consequences can follow, such as depression, anxiety, a lowered ability to cope with stress, and poor relationships with others. A disruption in the development of secure attachment could occur due to parental illness, parental unavailability because of other life commitments, or the serious illness of the child. Children who move from foster home to foster home or spend the early years of their lives in orphanages can experience long-term attachment difficulties.In addition, children sometimes have inborn temperaments or disabilities that can impede the attachment process. Finally, children who are abused or neg lected or otherwise traumatized will often show signs of impaired attachment. The first type of insecure attachment is called Avoidant attachment About 20-25% of infants demonstrate avoidant attachment patterns with their caregiver. Children in avoidant attachment relationships seem not to care whether a caregiver is present or absent.In the presence of the caregiver, avoidant children will explore their environment without interest in the caregiver's whereabouts. Upon departure infantsw with avoidant attachment are minimally distressed. At reunion, they do not move toward the caregiver or try to initiate contact. In fact, they often ignore or avoid the caregiver. Despite this apparent lack of concern, infants with avoidant attachment patterns show as much, if not more, physiological arousal than other infants, suggesting that they have learned to contain their distress.Avoidant attachment has been associated with a pattern of care in which the caregiver does not provide adequate co mfort when the infant is emotionally upset, ill, or hurt. The second type of insecure attachment is called Resistant/ambivalent attachment About 10-15% of infants demonstrate resistant attachment patterns with their caregiver. Resistant attachment relationships are characterized by exaggerated expressions of attachment needs. In the presence of their caregiver these infants are reluctant to explore their environment and preoccupied with getting the attention of their caregiver.When a caregiver departs, infants with resistant attachment become extremely distressed. When the caregiver returns, they both seek and resist contact. When they do seek contact they have difficulty settling down and do not respond well to their caregiver's attempts at soothing. Resistant attachment has been associated with a pattern of care in which the caregiver inconsistently responds to his or her infant's signals of distress. Nowadays most of parents in Hong Kong, they are working parents (both father and mother) and their working hours is quite long.So they are usually rely on their relative and domestic helper to take care of their baby. Therefore, the role of caregiver is being changed. The followings are some thoughts to help parents to build a secure attachment with their babies:- Babies are quite smart and sensitive in their very early stage, therefore parents keep expressing and sharing in the delight of the relationship that they share with their infant helps their baby to internalize a sense of security and a feeling of being loved and appreciatedSecure attachment research tells that a secure attachment is built upon sensitive and responsive caregiving, therefore parents observe and pay attention to their baby's subtle cues (a smile or a voice) for attention, exploration and comfort can help their baby to feel being respected and understood. Being responsive to baby's needs actually promotes a greater sense of self-confidence, self-reliance, and independence as baby grows i nto childhood. Create a consistent routines during daily care will help baby to feel secure, as baby can predictable what will be happen.For example: baby will be taking bath after finished their dinner everyday. Since baby get used to this routines and they can predict that they will go to take shower, therefore they will not be scared that. Use nonverbal communication to bond with your baby. Babies are not able to understand or use verbal communication. Nonverbal communication can help you to feel connected to your baby and strengthen your attachment relationship. Make eye contact, touch, smile, and move rhythmically such as by rocking or swaying.These are all effective ways of conveying love, warmth, and acceptance to your baby. Your baby may not comprehend your words right away. But he does recognize and respond to your tone of voice, even when you are not talking to him. If you are stressed, angry, or frustrated, your baby will often respond by becoming distressed. Talking in a gentle, soothing voice, even if the words are not yet understood, can help your baby to feel reassured, loved, and secure. Take care of yourself. To provide optimal care for your children, you must also attend to your own needs.Are you nurturing and respecting yourself? Although incredibly rewarding, parenting can also be exhausting and demanding. Finding time to sleep, eat, and even relax for a brief moment is extremely important. Use the support around you – your friends, family, community – so that you may find ways to replenish yourself. By taking care of your own needs, you are helping to ensure that you are able to take care of your baby's needs. Choose a childcare provider who values relationships. This should be someone who understands the importance of your baby's social and emotional development.The reality for many families is that either one or both parents are working outside of the home. In these situations, parents often need to place their baby in the care of a relative or childcare provider. Parents may worry that this may impact their relationship with their baby. Find a childcare provider who works to promote secure attachments with the children in her care and supports your infant's social and emotional development. This can provide valuable support to you and your family when you return to work.If you already have a provider, you may want to talk with him or her about how infant attachment and social-emotional development is supported within the childcare program. In addition, developing a positive, collaborative relationship with your baby's childcare provider will ensure that there is continual communication around your baby's changing needs. It will also help your baby feel supported by a loving, caring community of adults. Provide baby a freedom to explore new environment will help them to develop a sense of competence and efficacy.While doing this but parents still need to stay close with them and offer encouragement an d reassurance when needed. Since baby may not have confidence when they are just starting to explore new things, and they will need check with you for reassurance, security and encouragement. Therefore parents give baby love and support will help to develop the secure attachment. Feeling secure doesn't come from doing everything right; it comes from knowing that when you experience difficult feelings or challenges, you have the self-confidence and the support you need to forge ahead.While only the most poorly nurtured infants actually may develop attachment disorder (those who have lived in extremely neglectful environments), many others may still have attachment issues. Looking at baby, touching, singing, talking about what we are doing, etc is very important for infants' emotional development. Without this, babies do not ‘feel felt', an expression coined by Dan Siegel in his book ‘Parenting From the Inside Out'. It can become very difficult for these babies to develop the qualities of compassion and empathy.